| Year | Scientist | Contribution as stated in NCERT |
|---|---|---|
| 1856 – 1863 | Gregor Johann Mendel | Hybridisation experiments on garden pea (Pisum sativum) — seven years |
| 1865 | Gregor Johann Mendel | Published his work; remained unrecognised for ~35 years |
| 1866 | Langdon Down | First described Down’s syndrome |
| 1891 | Henking | German biologist; traced and named the X body through spermatogenesis in insects — could not explain its significance |
| 1900 | de Vries, Correns and von Tschermak | Independently rediscovered Mendel’s results |
| 1902 | Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri | Chromosome behaviour parallels gene behaviour → Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance |
| — | Thomas Hunt Morgan | Experimental verification using Drosophila melanogaster; coined linkage and recombination |
| — | Alfred Sturtevant | Used recombination frequency to measure gene distance and map gene positions |
| — | Reginald C. Punnett | British geneticist; the Punnett square |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| a | d | c | b | a | d | c | b | a | d | c | b |
| 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| a | d | c | b | a | d | c | b | a | d | c | b |
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 |
| a | d | c | b | a | d | c | b | a | a | a | c |
| 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 |
| a | c | c | b | d | c | b | a | d | c | b | a |
| 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | |||||||
| d | c | b | a | d |